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Substantial Damage Estimates (SDEs) are specialized calculation records that help floodplain managers determine whether damage to a property exceeds 50% of its market value. SDEs include automated calculations, element-by-element damage assessment, and the ability to generate linked SI/SD determination records.

What is an SDE?

An SDE is a detailed calculation record that estimates damage costs and compares them to a building’s depreciated market value. When the calculated percentage reaches or exceeds 50%, the property qualifies as substantially damaged under NFIP requirements and must be brought into compliance with current floodplain standards. Key capabilities:
  • Automated depreciation calculations based on building condition
  • Element-by-element damage assessment with pre-configured percentages
  • Automatic percentage calculation (damage cost ÷ market value)
  • Summary page with formatted calculation breakdown
  • One-click generation of linked SI/SD determination records
SDEs are calculation records that feed into SI/SD Tracking. After completing an SDE, you can generate an official SI/SD determination record with pre-populated data.

SDE form types

Forerunner provides two SDE form configurations optimized for different building types:

Residential SDE

For single-family homes, townhouses, manufactured homes, and other residential structures

Non-Residential SDE

For commercial buildings, public facilities, and other non-residential structures

Residential SDE fields

General information:
  • Inspector/team name
  • Event name
  • Cause of damage (flooding, earthquake, hail, wind, wildfire, winter weather, landslide, tornado, etc.)
  • Flood depth above floor and ground (if applicable)
  • Flood duration
  • Assessment date
Structure information:
  • Residential type (single family, town/row, manufactured, unknown)
  • Number of stories
  • Foundation type
  • Superstructure type
  • Roof covering
  • Exterior finish
  • Heating and cooling systems
  • Depreciation determination (condition scale 1-6)
  • Construction quality (optional)
Base cost (replacement cost):
  • Property market value calculation method:
    • Square footage estimate (sqft × cost/sqft × adjustment ratio)
    • Other replacement cost estimate
  • Replacement cost source
Element damages: Percent damage for each structural element:
CategoryElements
ExteriorFoundation, Superstructure, Roof covering, Exterior finish, Skirting/Forms/Piers
InteriorInterior finish, Doors & windows, Cabinets & countertops, Floor finish, Appliances
UtilitiesPlumbing, Electrical, HVAC
Market value:
  • Additional market value options (square footage estimate, automated assessed value, or other estimate)
Documentation:
  • Notes field
  • Photo uploads (up to 10 images, JPEG/PNG, 30MB per file)

Non-residential SDE fields

Non-residential SDEs include similar sections but with element breakdowns appropriate for commercial and public buildings. Your Customer Success Manager configures these based on your community’s assessment standards.

Automatic calculations

The SDE module performs several calculations automatically as you enter data:

Depreciation calculation

Depreciation is calculated based on the building’s condition rating:
ConditionRatingDescription
Very Poor1Significant deterioration, major repairs needed
Poor2Notable wear, repairs recommended
Fair3Average condition, normal maintenance
Good4Above average, well maintained
Very Good5Excellent condition, minor wear
Excellent6Like new, minimal depreciation
The system applies standard depreciation percentages based on this rating to calculate the depreciated structure value.

Element breakdown

Each structural element has a standard percentage of the total structure cost. When you enter a damage percentage for an element:
Element damage value = (Element % of structure) × (Damage %) × (Market value)
For example, if the foundation represents 8% of structure cost and you assess 50% damage on a $200,000 building:
Foundation damage = 0.08 × 0.50 × $200,000 = $8,000

Total damage calculation

Total damages are the sum of all element damage values:
Total damages = Sum of all element damage values

50% threshold determination

The final percentage determines if the property is substantially damaged:
Percentage = (Total damages ÷ Depreciated market value) × 100

If percentage ≥ 50%, property is substantially damaged
The SDE summary page displays all calculations in a formatted breakdown, making it easy to review the math before finalizing your assessment.

Creating an SDE

1

Navigate to the property

Find the property on the map or in the Properties table and open its details page.
2

Start a new SDE record

From the property page:
  • Click Add Record
  • Select the appropriate SDE type (Residential or Non-Residential)
  • System pre-populates property information
3

Enter general information

Complete the assessment context:
  • Inspector name
  • Event name (if disaster-related)
  • Cause of damage
  • Flood details (if applicable)
  • Assessment date
4

Document structure information

Enter building characteristics:
  • Building type and configuration
  • Foundation and construction type
  • Number of stories
  • Condition rating for depreciation
5

Calculate market value

Choose a valuation method:
  • Square footage estimate: Enter sqft, cost per sqft, and adjustment ratio
  • Other estimate: Enter a direct replacement cost value
  • System calculates depreciated value automatically
6

Assess element damages

For each structural element:
  • Review the element (foundation, roof, electrical, etc.)
  • Enter the estimated damage percentage (0-100%)
  • System calculates the damage cost for that element
7

Review and save

  • Review the calculated totals
  • Add photos documenting damage
  • Save the SDE record

SDE summary page

After saving an SDE, Forerunner displays a summary page with: Calculation breakdown:
  • Basis for replacement cost (method used)
  • Total replacement cost
  • Depreciation applied
  • Depreciated market value
Element-by-element analysis:
ElementStructure %CostDamage %Damage Value
Foundation8%$16,00050%$8,000
Superstructure15%$30,00025%$7,500
Final determination:
  • Total damage cost
  • Percentage of market value
  • Whether 50% threshold is exceeded
You can edit the SDE and the summary will update automatically. Use the summary page to verify calculations before creating an official SI/SD determination.

Generating SI/SD determinations

When an SDE shows the property exceeds the 50% threshold, you can generate a linked SI/SD determination record:
  1. Review the SDE summary page
  2. Click Create SD record button
  3. System creates a new SI/SD determination with:
    • Property information pre-populated
    • Calculation results from the SDE
    • Link back to the source SDE
    • Determination date
  4. Add any additional notes or documentation
  5. Save the SI/SD determination
Creating SI/SD records from SDEs maintains the connection between calculations and determinations. This is valuable for audits and CRS verification visits.

Invariants (persisted calculations)

SDE records store calculated values as “invariants” that persist even if the form structure changes in the future:
  • Total structure cost
  • Total depreciation percentage
  • Depreciated value
  • Total damage cost
  • Percentage of value
  • Element-by-element breakdowns
These invariants ensure historical records remain accurate and can be exported consistently regardless of when the record was created.

Mobile data collection

SDEs can be created in the field using the mobile app: Field workflow:
  1. Navigate to property on mobile device
  2. Open property details and create new SDE record
  3. Enter structure information while on-site
  4. Assess damage element-by-element
  5. Capture photos documenting damage
  6. Save record (syncs when online)
  7. Review summary in office
  8. Generate SI/SD determination if threshold exceeded
The mobile app supports offline data collection, so inspectors can complete SDEs without connectivity and sync when they return to the office.

Integration with other workflows

From PDAs to SDEs

After completing Preliminary Damage Assessments:
  1. IA PDA identifies property with Major or Destroyed damage
  2. Create detailed SDE for accurate cost calculation
  3. Review SDE summary to determine if threshold is met
  4. Generate SI/SD determination if ≥50%

To SI/SD determinations

SDEs feed into the broader SI/SD Tracking workflow:
  1. Complete SDE with damage assessment
  2. Generate linked SI/SD determination record
  3. SI/SD record tracks compliance requirements
  4. Multiple SDEs over time support cumulative tracking

Permit integration

Reference SDE calculations in permit workflows:
  • Link SDE findings to repair permits
  • Use damage percentages for compliance requirements
  • Track rebuild progress against SDE baseline

Exporting SDE data

Export SDEs for reporting and documentation: Included in exports:
  • All form field values
  • Calculated invariants (totals, percentages, breakdowns)
  • Property information
  • Record metadata
  • Links to related SI/SD records
Export formats:
  • CSV - Spreadsheet format with all data
  • Shapefile - GIS format with spatial data
  • GeoPackage - Modern GIS format
Learn more about Exporting Records.

Configuring SDE record types

If the Record Builder is enabled for your account, you can customize SDE forms yourself—adding fields, adjusting labels, and configuring permissions. See Customizing Records for details. Your Customer Success Manager can help with specialized SDE module configuration:

Standard configurations

  • Residential SDE with standard element percentages
  • Non-residential SDE with commercial element breakdowns
  • Depreciation scales matching your methodology
  • Market value calculation options

Custom configurations

Your CSM can help with:
  • Additional structure types or elements
  • Custom depreciation formulas
  • Integration with local assessor data
  • Modified element percentages
  • Additional documentation requirements
Contact your Customer Success Manager to discuss SDE configurations or align forms with your community’s assessment protocols.

Best practices

Accurate assessments

Use consistent methodology:
  • Apply the same condition ratings across properties
  • Follow established damage assessment standards
  • Document your basis for percentages
Take thorough photos:
  • Photograph each damaged element
  • Include wide shots and close-ups
  • Capture context showing damage extent
Verify calculations:
  • Review the summary page before finalizing
  • Check that element percentages reflect actual damage
  • Confirm market value source is appropriate

Data quality

Complete all fields:
  • Don’t skip optional fields that provide context
  • Document flood depth and duration for flood events
  • Note any limitations on your assessment
Maintain records:
  • Don’t delete SDEs—create new ones for updated assessments
  • Link SDEs to their resulting SI/SD determinations
  • Keep photo documentation accessible

Compliance documentation

Support audits:
  • Export SDE data for CRS verification visits
  • Maintain calculation history for each property
  • Document your assessment methodology
Track over time:
  • Use SDEs for both damage and improvement tracking
  • Reference previous SDEs when properties are reassessed
  • Maintain cumulative records for rolling period calculations